TY - DATA T1 - Solid Forms of Amlodipine Besylate: Physicochemical, Structural, and Thermodynamic Characterization PY - 2010/12/01 AU - Vishal Koradia AU - Heidi Lopez de Diego AU - Karla Frydenvang AU - Michiel Ringkjøbing-Elema AU - Anette Müllertz AU - Andrew D. Bond AU - Jukka Rantanen UR - https://acs.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Solid_Forms_of_Amlodipine_Besylate_Physicochemical_Structural_and_Thermodynamic_Characterization/2708839 DO - 10.1021/cg101127z.s004 L4 - https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/4384789 KW - solubility measurements KW - water molecules KW - monohydrate collapse KW - Solid Forms KW - anhydrate KW - Thermodynamic CharacterizationAmlodipine besylate KW - Spectroscopic analysis KW - Amlodipine Besylate KW - dihydrate KW - solubility rank order KW - artery disease KW - crystal structure KW - Rapid cooling KW - calcium channel antagonist KW - crystal structure analysis KW - SMT results KW - crystal lattices KW - hydrogen bond networks N2 - Amlodipine besylate, a calcium channel antagonist widely used in the treatment of hypertension and coronary artery disease, has been found to exist in four solid forms: anhydrate, monohydrate, dihydrate, and amorphous. A comprehensive characterization of these forms is provided, based on single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, thermal, spectroscopic, microscopic and solubility measurements. The crystal structure of the dihydrate is reported at both 25 and −150 °C. The crystal lattices of both the dihydrate and the stable monohydrate collapse upon removal of water molecules to create melt, from which the anhydrate subsequently crystallizes. Rapid cooling of the dehydration induced melt from any of the hydrates produces the amorphous form. Spectroscopic analysis in conjunction with the crystal structure analysis shows differences in the hydrogen bond networks in the different solid forms. The kinetic solubility rank order at 37 °C in water is found to be anhydrate > monohydrate > dihydrate. In these conditions, the dihydrate is found to be the most stable form, and other forms undergo solvent-mediated transformation (SMT) to yield the dihydrate. Consistent with the SMT results, van’t Hoff analysis indicates anhydrate and dihydrate to be the stable phase above and below 71 °C, respectively. ER -