Electric Vehicles in China:
Emissions and Health Impacts
Shuguang Ji
Christopher R. Cherry
Matthew J. Bechle
Ye Wu
Julian D. Marshall
10.1021/es202347q.s001
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Electric_Vehicles_in_China_Emissions_and_Health_Impacts/2548048
E-bikes in China are the single largest adoption of alternative
fuel vehicles in history, with more than 100 million e-bikes purchased
in the past decade and vehicle ownership about 2× larger for
e-bikes as for conventional cars; e-car sales, too, are rapidly growing.
We compare emissions (CO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NO<sub>X</sub>, HC) and environmental health impacts (primary PM<sub>2.5</sub>)
from the use of conventional vehicles (CVs) and electric vehicles
(EVs) in 34 major cities in China. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions (g km<sup>–1</sup>) vary and are an order of magnitude greater for e-cars
(135–274) and CVs (150–180) than for e-bikes (14–27).
PM<sub>2.5</sub> emission factors generally are lower for CVs (gasoline
or diesel) than comparable EVs. However, intake fraction is often
greater for CVs than for EVs because combustion emissions are generally
closer to population centers for CVs (tailpipe emissions) than for
EVs (power plant emissions). For most cities, the
net result is that primary PM<sub>2.5</sub> environmental health impacts
per passenger-km are greater for e-cars than for gasoline cars (3.6×
on average), lower than for diesel cars (2.5× on average), and
equal to diesel buses. In contrast, e-bikes yield lower environmental
health impacts per passenger-km than the three CVs investigated: gasoline
cars (2×), diesel cars (10×), and diesel buses (5×).
Our findings highlight the importance of considering exposures, and
especially the proximity of emissions to people, when evaluating environmental
health impacts for EVs.
2016-02-22 05:19:47
health impacts
HC
diesel
PM
EV
CO 2 emissions
NOX
alternative fuel vehicles
CV
power plant emissions