Observing
the Growth of Metal–Organic
Frameworks by <i>in Situ</i> Liquid Cell Transmission Electron
Microscopy
Joseph
P. Patterson
Patricia Abellan
Michael S. Denny
Chiwoo Park
Nigel D. Browning
Seth M. Cohen
James E. Evans
Nathan C. Gianneschi
10.1021/jacs.5b00817.s008
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/media/Observing_the_Growth_of_Metal_Organic_Frameworks_by_i_in_Situ_i_Liquid_Cell_Transmission_Electron_Microscopy/2157841
Liquid cell transmission electron
microscopy (LCTEM) can provide
direct observations of solution-phase nanoscale materials, and holds
great promise as a tool for monitoring dynamic self-assembled nanomaterials.
Control over particle behavior within the liquid cell, and under electron
beam irradiation, is of paramount importance for this technique to
contribute to our understanding of chemistry and materials science
at the nanoscale. However, this type of control has not been demonstrated
for complex, organic macromolecular materials, which form the basis
for all biological systems and all of polymer science, and encompass
important classes of advanced porous materials. Here we show that
by controlling the liquid cell membrane surface chemistry and electron
beam conditions, the dynamics and growth of metal–organic frameworks
(MOFs) can be observed. Our results demonstrate that hybrid organic/inorganic
beam-sensitive materials can be analyzed with LCTEM and, at least
in the case of ZIF-8 dynamics, the results correlate with observations
from bulk growth or other standard synthetic conditions. Furthermore,
we show that LCTEM can be used to better understand how changes to
synthetic conditions result in changes to particle size. We anticipate
that direct, nanoscale imaging by LCTEM of MOF nucleation and growth
mechanisms may provide insight into controlled MOF crystal morphology,
domain composition, and processes influencing defect formation.
2015-06-17 00:00:00
dynamic
bulk growth
defect formation
materials science
MOF crystal morphology
growth mechanisms
ZIF
conditions result
electron beam irradiation
polymer science
Situ Liquid Cell Transmission Electron MicroscopyLiquid cell transmission electron microscopy
cell membrane surface chemistry
nanoscale imaging
electron beam conditions
domain composition
LCTEM
particle size
MOF nucleation
particle behavior