Formation of second-generation free-living larvae in <i>Strongyloides stercoralis</i> requires 24–48 hours of exposure to Δ7-dafachronic acid. Mennatallah M. Y. Albarqi Jonathan D. Stoltzfus Adeiye A. Pilgrim Thomas J. Nolan Zhu Wang Steven A. Kliewer David J. Mangelsdorf James B. Lok 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005358.g004 https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/_Formation_of_second_generation_free_living_larvae_in_Strongyloides_stercoralis_requires_24_48_hours_of_exposure_to_7_dafachronic_acid_/1632488 <p>Frequency of development to second-generation free-living rhabditiform L3 and L4 (FL L3-L4) in <i>S</i>. <i>stercoralis</i> was plotted as a function of duration of exposure to increasing concentrations of Δ7-dafachronic acid (Δ7-DA). Ascending shaded triangles indicate that developmental frequencies were determined at Δ7-DA concentrations of 125 nM (lightest), 250 nM, 500 nM, and 1,000 nM (darkest). Bar height represents the mean of three biological replicates; error bars represent +1 standard deviation. The overall effects of Δ7-DA exposure duration and concentration were significant, P < 0.0001. For all possible pairwise statistical comparisons of FL L3-L4 frequency with DA exposure durations of 24, 48, and 72 hours, ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.</p> 2016-01-05 14:56:13 CYP inhibitor ketoconazole 1 μ M Δ7- DA post-parasitic first-stage larvae post-parasitic L 1s iL 3 activation 400 nM Δ7- DA nematode Strongyloides stercoralis hormone receptor DAF -12. Biosynthesis DAF -9. 35 μ M ketoconazole 26 CYP-encoding genes free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans DAF -12 iL 3 arrest DA production SD Δ7- DA exposure 40 μ M ketoconazole stercoralis development iL 3 cytochrome P 450 post-free-living iL 3 arrest Life Cycle Checkpoints