<i>In vitro</i> inhibition and enhancement of liver microsomal S-777469 metabolism by long-chain fatty acids and serum albumin: insight into <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> discrepancy of metabolite formation in humans Kazutaka Sekiguchi Takushi Kanazu Norie Murayama Hiroshi Yamazaki Yoshitaka Yamaguchi 10.6084/m9.figshare.1626628 https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/_i_In_vitro_i_inhibition_and_enhancement_of_liver_microsomal_S_777469_metabolism_by_long_chain_fatty_acids_and_serum_albumin_insight_into_i_in_vitro_i_and_i_in_vivo_i_discrepancy_of_metabolite_formation_in_humans/1626628 <p>1. It was previously demonstrated that 10% of S-777469, a cannabinoid receptor 2 selective agonist, is metabolized to its carboxylic acid metabolite (S-777469 5-carboxylic acid, 5-CA) in humans <i>in vivo</i>, while the formation of 5-CA is extremely low in human cryopreserved hepatocytes and liver microsomes (HLMs). In this study, factors causing the different metabolite formation rates of S-777469 <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> were investigated.</p> <p>2. Formation of 5-CA and S-777469 5-hydroxymethyl (5-HM), a precursor metabolite of 5-CA, was catalyzed by CYP2C9. Arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid, oleic acid and myristic acid, which have been reported to exist in liver microsomes, inhibited S-777469 oxidation by CYP2C9, but serum albumin enhanced this reactions.</p> <p>3. The IC<sub>50</sub> values of these fatty acids for 5-CA formation from 5-HM were lower than those of 5-HM formation from S-777469. Serum albumin extensively enhanced 5-CA formation from 5-HM in comparison to 5-HM formation from S-777469.</p> <p>4. CYP2C9 was the enzyme responsible for S-777469 oxidation in human livers. The suppressive effects of several fatty acids and enhancing action of serum albumin <i>in vitro</i> are likely to be the causal factors for the apparently different rates of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> metabolite formation of S-777469.</p> 2015-12-18 12:50:20 cannabinoid receptor 2 HM IC 50 values HLM vivo metabolite formation CA metabolite formation rates liver microsomes carboxylic acid metabolite CYP 2C Arachidonic acid serum albumin