TY - DATA T1 - Undetermined stroke with an embolic pattern—a common phenotype with high early recurrence risk PY - 2015/07/04 AU - Tuomo Nieminen AU - Satu Mustanoja AU - Turgut Tatlisumak AU - Jukka Putaala AU - Elena Haapaniemi AU - Atte Meretoja AU - Kirsi Rantanen AU - Noora Heikkinen AU - Janne Kinnunen AU - Daniel Strbian AU - Sami Curtze AU - Sami Pakarinen AU - Mika Lehto UR - https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Undetermined_stroke_with_an_embolic_pattern_8212_a_common_phenotype_with_high_early_recurrence_risk/1568333 DO - 10.6084/m9.figshare.1568333.v1 L4 - https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/2350159 KW - cardioembolic stroke KW - tia KW - cha KW - ischemic stroke patients KW - 2DS KW - ci KW - Helsinki University Hospital KW - USEP KW - cardioembolic stroke patients KW - risk factor profile KW - recurrence risk Introduction KW - cardioembolic strokes N2 - Introduction. Undetermined strokes with an embolic pattern (USEP) represent a common phenotype. We assessed their frequency and compared USEP with cardioembolic stroke with a known source and non-cardioembolic stroke etiology.Methods. Study patients were 540 consecutive ischemic stroke patients admitted to Helsinki University Hospital with primary end-point of recurrent stroke in a 21-month follow-up. Cox regression adjusting for CHA2DS2-VASc and anticoagulation estimated the risk of USEP on recurrent stroke.Results. A total of 229 (42.4%) patients had a non-cardioembolic stroke etiology, 184 (34.1%) had a cardioembolic stroke with a known source, and 127 (23.5%) were classified as USEP. USEP patients had less diabetes and prior TIA, with more severe symptoms than the non-cardioembolic stroke cases. They were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and less severe symptoms than the cardioembolic stroke patients. Cumulative risk of recurrent stroke was 10.0% (95% CI 4.1%–15.9%) for USEP, 5.0% (1.1%–8.9%) for cardioembolic strokes, and 5.0% (3.0%–7.0%) for non- cardioembolic strokes (P = 0.089). USEP associated with a higher risk of recurrent stroke compared to non-cardioembolic strokes (hazard ratio 2.36, 95% CI 1.02–5.47; P = 0.046) and cardioembolic stroke with a known source (1.83, 1.07–3.14; P = 0.028).Conclusions. Despite their younger age and more favorable risk factor profile compared with other phenotypes, USEP exhibited a high risk of stroke recurrence. ER -