Schematic model showing the links between the significant changes of muscle-specific attributes with the expression of ERV env genes, their receptors and muscle specific genes relating to cell fusion occurring <i>in vivo</i> (biopsies from cyclists at the pre- and post- competitive seasons) and <i>in vitro</i>.
Sebastian Frese
Matthias Ruebner
Frank Suhr
Thierry M. Konou
Kim A. Tappe
Marco Toigo
Hans H. Jung
Christine Henke
Ruth Steigleder
Pamela L. Strissel
Hanna Huebner
Matthias W. Beckmann
Piet van der Keylen
Benedikt Schoser
Thorsten Schiffer
Laura Frese
Wilhelm Bloch
Reiner Strick
10.1371/journal.pone.0132099.g008
https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/_Schematic_model_showing_the_links_between_the_significant_changes_of_muscle_specific_attributes_with_the_expression_of_ERV_env_genes_their_receptors_and_muscle_specific_genes_relating_to_cell_fusion_occurring_in_vivo_biopsies_from_cyclists_at_the_pre_and/1477102
<p>The top represents the muscle differentiation in cyclists from pre- (PRE) to post-competitive season (POST), whereas the bottom symbolizes the myoblast cultures proliferating in growth media (GM) or differentiating to myotubes in differentiation media (DM). Additionally, since SCs and myonuclei showed positive expression for protein kinase A activated pCREB-Ser133 (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132099#pone.0132099.g004" target="_blank">Fig 4</a>) and treatment of primary myoblast cultures with the cAMP stimulator Forskolin did not promote myoblast cell fusion (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0132099#pone.0132099.g006" target="_blank">Fig 6</a>), we predict that cAMP may be important for regulating SCs. SC = satellite cells; MP = muscle progenitors; MT = myotubes; PRE = pre-competition; POST = post-competition; GM = growth media; DM = differentiation media; arrow up = significantly up-regulated and arrow down = significantly down-regulated.</p>
2015-07-08 02:50:46
cell fusion
Erv 3 protein
PAX 7 gene regulations
biopsy
rxr
ERV envelope proteins
muscle biopsies
syncytin
Cellular receptors SLC 1A
SC nuclei
myoblast cell cultures
Other cell fusion events
Fusogenic Endogenous Retroviral Genes
SLC 1A protein expression
bone resorbing osteoclasts
ppar
myofiber
envelope genes