10.1371/journal.pgen.1004925.g001 Pía Villanueva Pía Villanueva Ron Nudel Ron Nudel Alexander Hoischen Alexander Hoischen María Angélica Fernández María Angélica Fernández Nuala H. Simpson Nuala H. Simpson Christian Gilissen Christian Gilissen Rose H. Reader Rose H. Reader Lillian Jara Lillian Jara Maria Magdalena Echeverry Maria Magdalena Echeverry Clyde Francks Clyde Francks Gillian Baird Gillian Baird Gina Conti-Ramsden Gina Conti-Ramsden Anne O’Hare Anne O’Hare Patrick F. Bolton Patrick F. Bolton Elizabeth R. Hennessy Elizabeth R. Hennessy Hernán Palomino Hernán Palomino Luis Carvajal-Carmona Luis Carvajal-Carmona Joris A. Veltman Joris A. Veltman Jean-Baptiste Cazier Jean-Baptiste Cazier Zulema De Barbieri Zulema De Barbieri Simon E. Fisher Simon E. Fisher Dianne F. Newbury Dianne F. Newbury Pedigree showing direct lines of descent between founder brothers and children in Robinson Crusoe validation cohort. Public Library of Science 2015 coding variants South American populations sequencing individual NFXL 1 gene NFXL 1 Robinson Crusoe Island Specific Language Impairment Specific Language Impairment Children 150k Robinson Crusoe population Population Indicates NFXL 1 Variants Confer 117 UK SLI cases 2015-03-17 03:24:38 Figure https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/_Pedigree_showing_direct_lines_of_descent_between_founder_brothers_and_children_in_Robinson_Crusoe_validation_cohort_/1338399 <p>Founder brothers are individuals on the second line of the pedigree. Individuals with language impairment are colored in black. Individuals with typical language are denoted in white. Individuals with unknown phenotype are shaded grey. Genotypes at rs144169475 are represented by small circles; blue circles represent homozygote reference allele, red circles represent variant carriers, grey circles represent unknown genotype. Note that each individual may be represented through multiple lines of descent and so might appear more than once on this diagram. Children are labelled according to affection status—SLI1 to SLI15 and TLD1 to TLD17. Cases whose exomes were sequenced are indicated by asterisks. Three children (1 affected, 2 unaffected, none of whom carried the rs144169475 variant) are not represented on this figure since they were related to alternative founder families. SLI15 is known to be related to one of the founder brothers but the exact line of descent is unknown.</p>