10.6084/m9.figshare.1266270.v3 Alessio Alesci Alessio Alesci Andrea Salvo Andrea Salvo Eugenia Rita Lauriano Eugenia Rita Lauriano Teresa Gervasi Teresa Gervasi Deborah Palombieri Deborah Palombieri Maurizio Bruno Maurizio Bruno Simona Pergolizzi Simona Pergolizzi Nicola Cicero Nicola Cicero Production and extraction of astaxanthin from <i>Phaffia rhodozyma</i> and its biological effect on alcohol-induced renal hypoxia in <i>Carassius auratus</i> Taylor & Francis Group 2015 yeast Phaffia rhodozyma astaxanthin Carassius auratus hypoxia 2015-06-16 15:01:38 Journal contribution https://tandf.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Production_and_extraction_of_astaxanthin_from_i_Phaffia_rhodozyma_i_and_its_biological_effect_on_alcohol_induced_renal_hypoxia_in_i_Carassius_auratus_i_/1266270 <div><p>The effect of astaxanthin (3,3′-dihydroxy-s-carotene-4,4′-dione) on alcohol-induced morphological changes in <i>Carassius auratus</i>, as an experimental model, was determined. The yeast <i>Phaffia rhodozyma</i> was used as a source of astaxanthin. The animals were divided into three groups for 30 days: one group was treated with ethanol at a dose of 1.5% mixed in water, the second one with EtOH 1.5% and food enriched with astaxanthin from <i>P. rhodozyma</i>, and the third was a control group. After a sufficient experimental period, the samples were processed using light microscopy and evaluated by histomorphological and histochemical staining, and the data were supported by immunohistochemical analysis, using a wide range of antibodies, such as calbindin, vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin. The results show that the alcoholic damage in the kidney led to hypoxia. In contrast, the group fed with astaxanthin from <i>P. rhodozyma</i> showed a normal morphological picture, with better glomeruli organisation and the presence of the area of filtration. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry has confirmed these results.</p></div>