10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00086.s002
Franciele
Grego Esteves
Franciele
Grego
Esteves
José Roberto Aparecido dos Santos-Pinto
José Roberto Aparecido
dos Santos-Pinto
Milene Ferro
Milene
Ferro
Fernando J. Sialana
Fernando J.
Sialana
Roman Smidak
Roman
Smidak
Lucaciu Calin Rares
Lucaciu Calin
Rares
Thomas Nussbaumer
Thomas
Nussbaumer
Thomas Rattei
Thomas
Rattei
Martin Bilban
Martin
Bilban
Mauricio Bacci Júnior
Mauricio
Bacci Júnior
Gert Lubec
Gert
Lubec
Mario Sergio Palma
Mario Sergio
Palma
Revealing the
Venomous Secrets of the Spider’s
Web
American Chemical Society
2020
web properties
Venomous Secrets
spider venoms
proteotranscriptomic evidence
spider web toxin systems
proteomic approaches
insect toxicity results
clavipes web
web toxins
silk-producing glands
quantitative-based transcriptomic
orthologous genes
prey
web silk
mechanism opening
spider groups
protein sequences
Nephila clavipes spider
taxa Scorpiones
Comparative phylogenomic-level
2020-06-30 11:42:43
Dataset
https://acs.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Revealing_the_Venomous_Secrets_of_the_Spider_s_Web/12588219
Orb-weaving
spiders use a highly strong, sticky and elastic web
to catch their prey. These web properties alone would be enough for
the entrapment of prey; however, these spiders may be hiding venomous
secrets in the web, which current research is revealing. Here, we
provide strong proteotranscriptomic evidence for the presence of toxin/neurotoxin-like
proteins, defensins, and proteolytic enzymes on the web silk from Nephila clavipes spider. The results from quantitative-based
transcriptomic and proteomic approaches showed that silk-producing
glands produce an extensive repertoire of toxin/neurotoxin-like proteins,
similar to those already reported in spider venoms. Meanwhile, the
insect toxicity results demonstrated that these toxic components can
be lethal and/or paralytic chemical weapons used for prey capture
on the web, and the presence of fatty acids in the web may be a responsible
mechanism opening the way to the web toxins for accessing the interior
of prey’s body, as shown here. Comparative phylogenomic-level
evolutionary analyses revealed orthologous genes among two spider
groups, Araneomorphae and Mygalomorphae, and the findings showed protein
sequences similar to toxins found in the taxa Scorpiones and Hymenoptera
in addition to Araneae. Overall, these data represent a valuable resource
to further investigate other spider web toxin systems and also suggest
that N. clavipes web is not a passive
mechanical trap for prey capture, but it exerts an active role in
prey paralysis/killing using a series of neurotoxins.