%0 Generic %A McClure, Janela %A Lovelace, Erica S. %A Elahi, Shokrollah %A J. Maurice, Nicholas %A Wagoner, Jessica %A Dragavon, Joan %A E. Mittler, John %A Kraft, Zane %A Stamatatos, Leonidis %A Horton, Helen %A C. De Rosa, Stephen %A W. Coombs, Robert %A Polyak, Stephen J. %D 2012 %T Silibinin Inhibits HIV-1 Infection by Reducing Cellular Activation and Proliferation %U https://plos.figshare.com/articles/dataset/Silibinin_Inhibits_HIV_1_Infection_by_Reducing_Cellular_Activation_and_Proliferation/122296 %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0041832 %2 https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/315613 %2 https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/315637 %K silibinin %K inhibits %K hiv-1 %K reducing %K cellular %K activation %K proliferation %X

Purified silymarin-derived natural products from the milk thistle plant (Silybum marianum) block hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and inhibit T cell proliferation in vitro. An intravenous formulation of silibinin (SIL), a major component of silymarin, displays anti-HCV effects in humans and also inhibits T-cell proliferation in vitro. We show that SIL inhibited replication of HIV-1 in TZM-bl cells, PBMCs, and CEM cells in vitro. SIL suppression of HIV-1 coincided with dose-dependent reductions in actively proliferating CD19+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells, resulting in fewer CD4+ T cells expressing the HIV-1 co-receptors CXCR4 and CCR5. SIL inhibition of T-cell growth was not due to cytotoxicity measured by cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or necrosis. SIL also blocked induction of the activation markers CD38, HLA-DR, Ki67, and CCR5 on CD4+ T cells. The data suggest that SIL attenuated cellular functions involved in T-cell activation, proliferation, and HIV-1 infection. Silymarin-derived compounds provide cytoprotection by suppressing virus infection, immune activation, and inflammation, and as such may be relevant for both HIV mono-infected and HIV/HCV co-infected subjects.

%I PLOS ONE