106.IJEPA-GrayAreaforHealthPolicyandInternationalNurseMigration2016.pdf

Indonesia is recognized as a nurse exporting country, with policies that encourage nursing professionals to

emigrate abroad. This includes the country’s adoption of international principles attempting to protect

Indonesian nurses that emigrate as well as the country’s own participation in a bilateral trade and

investment agreement, known as the Indonesia–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement that facilitates

Indonesian nurse migration to Japan. Despite the potential trade and employment benefits from sending

nurses abroad under the Indonesia–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement, Indonesia itself is suffering

from a crisis in nursing capacity and ensuring adequate healthcare access for its own populations. This

represents a distinct challenge for Indonesia in appropriately balancing domestic health workforce needs,

employment, and training opportunities for Indonesian nurses, and the need to acknowledge the rights

of nurses to freely migrate abroad. Hence, this article reviews the complex operational and ethical

issues associated with Indonesian health worker migration under the Indonesia–Japan Economic

Partnership Agreement. It also introduces a policy proposal to improve performance of the Indonesia–

Japan Economic Partnership Agreement and better align it with international principles focused on

equitable health worker migration.