TY - DATA T1 - Distribution of Subsystems functional categories PY - 2013/07/03 AU - Arwyn Edwards AU - Justin A Pachebat AU - Martin Swain AU - Matt Hegarty AU - Andrew J Hodson AU - Tristram D L Irvine-Fynn AU - Sara M E Rassner AU - Birgit Sattler UR - https://iop.figshare.com/articles/figure/_Distribution_of_Subsystems_functional_categories/1011666 DO - 10.6084/m9.figshare.1011666.v1 L4 - https://ndownloader.figshare.com/files/1479491 KW - cryoconite ecosystem KW - sem KW - alpine cryoconite KW - Abstract Cryoconite KW - ice surface KW - 32 metagenomes KW - macronutrient cycles KW - level categories KW - 32 metagenome datasets KW - Functional genes KW - nitrogen cycle KW - Illumina HiScanSQ KW - Microbial process KW - alpine glacier KW - ammonia recycling KW - cryoconite holes KW - ablation zone KW - cryoconite metagenome KW - allochthonous sources KW - productivity measurements KW - category KW - Austrian Alps KW - metagenomic snapshot KW - P cycling KW - Log scale abundance KW - cryoconite metagenomes KW - eukaryotic metagenome KW - metagenomic DNA KW - Environmental Science N2 - Figure 4. Distribution of Subsystems functional categories. A top level categories; bar represents the category mean relative abundance for the 32 metagenomes described in text with error bar ±1 SEM framed against cryoconite (diamonds). (B) Log scale abundance of contigs present in subsystems associated with macronutrient cycles. Abstract Cryoconite is a microbe–mineral aggregate which darkens the ice surface of glaciers. Microbial process and marker gene PCR-dependent measurements reveal active and diverse cryoconite microbial communities on polar glaciers. Here, we provide the first report of a cryoconite metagenome and culture-independent study of alpine cryoconite microbial diversity. We assembled 1.2 Gbp of metagenomic DNA sequenced using an Illumina HiScanSQ from cryoconite holes across the ablation zone of Rotmoosferner in the Austrian Alps. The metagenome revealed a bacterially-dominated community, with Proteobacteria (62% of bacterial-assigned contigs) and Bacteroidetes (14%) considerably more abundant than Cyanobacteria (2.5%). Streptophyte DNA dominated the eukaryotic metagenome. Functional genes linked to N, Fe, S and P cycling illustrated an acquisitive trend and a nitrogen cycle based upon efficient ammonia recycling. A comparison of 32 metagenome datasets revealed a similarity in functional profiles between the cryoconite and metagenomes characterized from other cold microbe–mineral aggregates. Overall, the metagenomic snapshot reveals the cryoconite ecosystem of this alpine glacier as dependent on scavenging carbon and nutrients from allochthonous sources, in particular mosses transported by wind from ice-marginal habitats, consistent with net heterotrophy indicated by productivity measurements. A transition from singular snapshots of cryoconite metagenomes to comparative analyses is advocated. ER -