10.1371/journal.pone.0095529.g002 Patrícia M. R. Pereira Patrícia M. R. Pereira Sandrina Silva Sandrina Silva José A. S. Cavaleiro José A. S. Cavaleiro Carlos A. F. Ribeiro Carlos A. F. Ribeiro João P. C. Tomé João P. C. Tomé Rosa Fernandes Rosa Fernandes PcGal<sub>16</sub> generates ROS and produces toxicity after PDT. Public Library of Science 2014 Biochemistry chemical biology cell biology Molecular cell biology Clinical medicine oncology chemistry medicinal chemistry generates ros produces toxicity 2014-04-24 02:45:51 Figure https://plos.figshare.com/articles/figure/_PcGal_16_generates_ROS_and_produces_toxicity_after_PDT_/1006532 <p>Photocytotoxic effects after PcGal<sub>16</sub>-PDT in HT-1376 and UM-UC-3 cells evaluated 24 h after PDT using the MTT assay (panel A). The percentage of toxicity was calculated relatively to control cells (cells incubated with PBS and irradiated). Data are the mean ± S.D. of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicates. *(p<0.05), **(p<0.001), ***(p<0.0001) significantly different from control cells. Irradiation dose-dependent cell death in response to PDT with PcGal<sub>16</sub> (panel B). Cytotoxicity was assessed 24 h after treatment using the MTT assay. The percentage of cytotoxicity was calculated relatively to control cells (untreated cells). Data are the mean value ± S.D. of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicates. *(p<0.05), **(p<0.001), ***(p<0.0001) significantly different from control cells. Representative fluorescence images (panel C) and quantification (panel D) of DCF fluorescence increase (as a measure of ROS production) in HT-1376 and UM-UC-3 cells, after PDT with PcGal<sub>16</sub>. <i>Scale bars</i> 20 µm. Data are the mean ± S.D. of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicates. *(p<0.05), ***(p<0.0001) significantly different from control cells Photocytotoxicity after PDT with PcGal<sub>16</sub> in the presence of 50 nM of ROS quenchers (sodium azide, histidine and cysteine) in HT-1376 and UM-UC-3 cells (panel E). Cytotoxicity was assessed 24 h after treatment using the MTT assay. The percentage of cytotoxicity was calculated relatively to control cells (untreated cells). Data are the mean value ± S.D. of at least three independent experiments performed in triplicates. ***(p<0.0001) significantly different from MTT reduction (%) after PcGal<sub>16</sub>-PDT.</p>